Japan’s political trajectory under Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, marked by a conservative shift, is presenting new challenges for relations with South Korea. This trend raises concerns that longstanding historical and territorial disputes might impede recent efforts in diplomatic cooperation. Historically, both nations have adopted a “two-track” strategy aimed at isolating sensitive historical issues from other areas of mutual interest such as security and economic ties. However, a recent analysis by South Korea’s Institute for National Security Strategy cautions that Japan’s political instability and rightward movement could hinder progress in bilateral diplomacy.
The re-emergence of tensions follows visits by Japanese politicians to the Yasukuni Shrine, a site that South Korea views with discomfort, and Japan’s renewed claims over Dokdo, an area under South Korean control but referred to as Takeshima by Japan. While Prime Minister Takaichi refrained from visiting the shrine on the August 15 anniversary of Japan’s World War II surrender, she did send a ritual offering. Despite her absence, the visits by several senior Japanese officials to the shrine led to formal protests lodged by South Korea.
South Korean President Lee Jae Myung has opted for a more balanced approach, recognizing historical grievances yet underscoring the growing importance of working with Japan. This stance may reflect an understanding of the geopolitical necessity of cooperation, despite unresolved historical issues. The necessity for collaboration between the two nations in areas beyond historical disputes remains a priority for South Korea’s leadership.
Experts caution that ongoing disputes over history, territorial claims, and wartime controversies could dilute the effectiveness of the “two-track” strategy unless both countries manage to achieve substantive progress. Expanding areas of practical cooperation is seen as essential for maintaining this diplomatic framework. The challenge remains for both Japan and South Korea to navigate their differences while concurrently strengthening their collaborative efforts in mutually beneficial areas.